Extracted the predicate version of toThrowError into its own matcher

This simplifies the signature of each matcher to something that jsdoc
can actually handle.

[Finishes #20622765]

src/core/matchers/requireMatchers.js

@@ -23,7 +23,8 @@ getJasmineRequireObj().requireMatchers = function(jRequire, j$) {
       'toHaveBeenCalledWith',
       'toMatch',
       'toThrow',
-      'toThrowError'
+      'toThrowError',
+      'toThrowMatching',
     ],
     matchers = {};